GDM diagnosis criteria: Standard and Covid-19 criteria

Aim: Standard diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM) is based on the Oral Glucose Tolerance test (OGTT). During the Covid-19 outbreak, due to Covid restrictions, criteria were modified i.e Fasting Blood Glucose >=5.3 and/ or HbA1c >= 39 for diagnosis of GDM. After the lifting of the Covid restrictions, the standard criteria were reimplemented and on analyzing the data, it was highlighted that some of the patients could have tested negative for GDM based on Covid Criteria. Method(s): We analyzed the data of 43 patients based on standard criteria (OGTT and HbA1c) after Covid restrictions, with the following results. Result(s): 11/43(28%) patients who were diagnosed on the basis of standard criteria could have been missed based on Covid criteria. Out of 11 deliveries, 2 babies with weight above 4 kg. There were no admissions to NICU. One patient had postpartum hemorrhage with 670 mL of blood loss. Conclusion(s): This was a retrospective study in which we analyzed the data of 45 pregnant females diagnosed with GDM based on testing using the Covid criteria and compared this to 43 pregnant females who were diagnosed with GDM on the basis of OGTT based on GOLD standard NICE criteria. In addition, we also examined maternal and obstetric outcomes in both groups such as the mode of delivery, the baby's birth weight, the incidence of shoulder dystocia, mean blood loss (MBL), and NICU admission. We understand that Covid GDM diagnosis was a necessity of time. In this study, we want to learn what could have been missed with that diagnostic criteria. For future pandemics, we need to revise our diagnostic criteria to avoid the risk of underdiagnosing GDM and associated complications.

Outcomes of Patients Receiving Bezlotoxumab for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection - A Multicenter Study

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection in the United States (US). Treatment guidelines have evolved resulting in better outcomes however recurrent disease remains a major issue associated with significant morbidity despite best practices. Bezlotoxumab (BEZ) is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody approved by FDA in 2017 for prevention of recurrent CDI (rCDI). Limited real-world data are available regarding BEZ usage outside of clinical trials. In this multicenter study, we aim to report our experience with BEZ at a large healthcare system in northeast US. Method(s): We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive adult patients who received BEZ from 1/2017 until 12/2021 at Yale-New Haven Health System and had at least 90 days of follow up. Data collected for each patient included demographics, medical co-morbidities, adverse events to BEZ and rates of rCDI following BEZ. Result(s): A total of 114 patients were included with a mean age of 67.3 years (range 25-97);74 (64.9%) were female. There has been a recent increased utilization of BEZ with more than half of our sample (n=73, 64%) being since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic and 38.6% in 2021 alone. Most patients were treated with vancomycin (88.6%) while 11 (9.7%) received fidaxomicin. Median time from most recent CDI episode to BEZ infusion was 22.5 days. Notably, 17.5% were not on active CDI treatment when they received BEZ. 30 (26.3%) received BEZ after initial CDI, 52 (45.6%) had one prior recurrent episode while 32 (28.1%) had 2 or more previous recurrences. Among those who received BEZ, 10 patients (8.8%) experienced 90-day rCDI, of these 9 (90%) had history of at least 1 episode of rCDI. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between r-CDI and non-rCDI groups (Table). Furthermore, no statistical difference in rCDI between those who were on CDI treatment at the time of BEZ and those who completed it before BEZ [9/94 (9.6%) vs 1/20 (5.0%);p=0.511]. Conclusion(s): Our real-life data confirms that Bezlotoxumab appears to be safe and effective in preventing rCDI in this population whether given during CDI treatment or after. BEZ represents an important treatment option in this highly morbid population. Further studies are needed to determine the benefit of early administration of BEZ after index CDI in those at risk and to consider utilization shifts following the 2021 ACG updated guideline recommendations advising it's usage.

The Black Swan for Green Supply Chain Management in Pakistan

For the last few decades, the business practices have primarily been focusing on the green and sustainable practices that mainly focus on the preservation of the environment and correspond to corporate social responsibility. But the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has left unprecedented effects on the business world. Against this backdrop, the current study entails investigation of the antecedents and consequences of green supply chain management in the post-COVID-19 era. The term black swan stands true for the event. The term could be believed to be accurate as all aspects of the supply chain have been observed to be influenced by the swan (customers with panic/regulated buying, suppliers with hoarding, inventories witnessing bullwhip effects). The current study, therefore, offers a novel explanation by linking various actors of green supply chain management and how the interplay of those actors can influence the supply chain and overall firm performance post COVID-19.

Hematological and biochemical assessment of children infected with measles virus: 2022 outbreak in pakistan

Measles is a contagious disease caused by an RNA virus. Resurgence of measles after Covid-19 and its severity among children has led to many speculations about the Measles vaccination coverage and its efficacy. In this study, the clinical data of children <9 years (n=19) admitted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) in the measles ward was analyzed. The blood samples were processed for hematology and routine biochemistry tests. The results obtained were statistically analyzed on SPSS-21 software by using One-Way ANOVA for Complete Parameters (CP), Kruskal Wallis, and Mann-Whitney test for Differential leucocyte count (DLC) and Biochemical parameters. A p<0.05 was considered significant. The results suggest no significant difference in Complete blood parameters (CP) among non-vaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated patients. Among DLC Basophils level was significantly different (p=0.024), being lower in partially vaccinated than non-vaccinated patients. Biochemical parameters showed that serum urea level was significantly different (p=0.013), showing a decline in fully vaccinated patients as compared to non-vaccinated patients. Moreover, a significantly higher level of Alkaline phosphatase as compared to the normal range was observed in fully vaccinated patients. However, lower levels of MCH, MCV, MCHC, RBC, Hb, eosinophils, and a higher level of RDW-CV were observed overall as compared to the normal range (healthy individuals). The results suggest improvements are needed in vaccination strategies for effectively controlling the disease. Anemic conditions in overall measles patients indicate poor health conditions. This study contains a limited sample size, further research on measles virus (MeV) mutations, and vaccine optimization could be helpful for the complete eradication of measles from Pakistan. © Pakistan Academy of Sciences

"Your Diet is a Bank Account, Good Food Choices are Good Investment", COVID-19 and Dieting

Objective: To gain insight into the relationship between dieting and unhealthy eating habits with COVID-19 infections and complications. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan during the month of Jan 2021. Methodology: This study was carried out through a web-based survey. Google forms were used. It included questions exploring dietary habits, weight changes, weight loss methods, COVID-19 status and severity of symptoms, including ten Open-ended questions and seven closed-ended questions. Results: A total of 314 participants responded to the survey. They were divided into two groups, Group-A and Group-B. The mean age of the participants was 24.3±4.9 years. Group-A participants were doing dieting during last three years off and on as well as had more severe symptoms of COVID-19. On the other hand, Group-B had mild symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding COVID-19 status, 294(92%) participants in the study recovered from COVID-19, and 30(9.5%) participants suffered from COVID-19 at the time of the survey. The results concluded a positive correlation between the type and duration of dieting and severity of COVID-19 symptoms as well as in weight loss of more than 8kg with COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: Among various factors contributing to the extension and severity of COVID-19, dieting represents one of the possible causes of the severity of symptoms of COVID-19. Understanding its importance is of paramount significance and needs further evaluation. © 2022, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.

A moderated mediation effect of symbolic and substantive preventive actions on employees' preventive behavior in the context of Covid-19

This study utilizes Social Information Processing (SIP) theory to investigate the relationship between organizational preventive actions (substantive vs. symbolic), employee preventive behavior, the mediating role of conspiracy beliefs, and moderating role of leadership integrity in the context of Covid-19. The study explains leadership integrity as a boundary condition to facilitate or hinder the mediated relationship between organizational actions and employee preventive behavior (EPB). The hypothesized model was tested using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on two-wave data collected from 281 respondents. The results revealed that substantive actions do not predict EPB directly but through conspiracy beliefs. Contrary to these, symbolic actions negatively predict EPB directly. Leadership integrity moderates the relationship between substantive actions and conspiracy beliefs, while the interaction effect with symbolic actions is not supported. The findings of this study caution managers to walk their talk because employees critically observe the most apparent actions, especially when management fails to practice them. The study contributes to social information processing theory by pointing to leadership integrity as a source of authenticity to curb the negative impact of symbolic actions and catalyst the effect of substantive actions on employee preventive behavior.

The Infant Transcriptome in Meningococcal Septic Shock: A Force in Precision Cellular Dysfunction Suggesting a Cytokine Storm?

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The ideal biomarker(s) to track evolution and the underlying basis of sepsis remain elusive. We hypothesized that assessing differential mRNA gene expression may aid in tracking sepsis pathogenesis in infants with meningococcal septic shock (MSS). METHOD(S): Temporal paediatric gene expression datasets from Meningococcal Group B sepsis studies in the United Kingdom (MSS1, 29 samples) and Holland (MSS2, 41 samples) underwent Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). RESULT(S): Gene-expression clustering algorithm for both datasets demonstrated a baseline state on admission, an intermediate state, and a final state. Additionally, PCA plots suggested a gene-expression trajectory. The MSS1 study showed that 410 genes differentiated survivors from a nonsurvivor, including the ICAM-3 gene. Moreover GSEA t-Test identified apoptosis to be significantly differently (p = 0.02 and q = 0.15) associated with the fatal case compared to the four survivors in MSS1. Also in MSS1, we identified a genesignature for cytokine production which included 5 genes (CLC, HFE, HLA-F, NLRP3, TNFRSF1B) from the cytokine GSEA gene panel. The genes NLRP3 and TNFRSF1B have been noted in the cytokine storm of Coronavirus infection. Also Transcript Time Course Analysis (TTCA) confirmed differential gene function associated with Coronavirus. CONCLUSION(S): Transcriptomic analysis in two independent datasets in infants with MSS identified a trajectorial pattern. Further, the transcriptome expression differed between survivors and non-survivors, suggesting differences in cytokine signalling. Including the existence of genes associated with the cytokine storm of SARS-CoV2. The exploitability of transcriptome analysis to guide therapy and prognosis requires further investigation. (Figure Presented).

Future of cultured meat production: hopes and hurdles

Rising environmental issues, animal welfare concerns and vulnerable food supply chain especially during pandemics, as COVID-19 demands an effective and long-term solution for food security in future. All of these challenges encourage the researchers to find more reliable and clean ways of food production such as cultured meat. This process involved the production of animal meat in lab using large bioreactors without raising animals. Cultured meat production is widely accepted among animal rights activists and it can solve the issues related to conventional farming such as excessive use of land resource, animal slaughter, foodborne diseases and antibiotic resistance. Despite of all these advantages, it is facing some serious challenges, which includes technical, social and ethical limitations. Extracting specific cell line, development of animal-free growth media, upgradation of bioreactors, development of desired scaffolds and changing the public perception towards lab grown meat are fundamental challenges that need to be discuss. This review intends to summarize both technical and social challenges that are halting the availability of cultured meat in market and suggests some feasible recommendations to overcome these obstacles.

Proceedings of the MAAP-PAS-ANSO Hybrid Workshop on "Ecosystem Restoration: One-Health and Pandemics"

Humanity is currently dealing with a number of interlinked existential crises. Ecological degradation, climate change, and biodiversity loss have disastrous consequences for human health and well-being. Furthermore, the emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases like COVID-19 are linked to ecosystem health. For example, zoonotic infections account for ~75% of new infectious diseases, and they are mainly caused by unsustainable resource usage, animal factory farming, and other large-scale anthropogenic influences. As these pandemics show, environmental destruction can play an important role in a worldwide public-health crisis. It is commonly agreed that COVID-19 will not be the last pandemic. We need holistic approaches like One Health (an area of research that recognizes human, animal, and ecological health as interconnected). One health seeks to increase communication and collaboration between humans, animals, and environmental health professionals to prevent the spread of diseases. To shed light on this important topic, “Ecosystem Restoration: One-Health and Pandemics;hybrid workshop” was organized by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (PAS) and Monbukagakhusho-MEXT Alumni Association of Pakistan (MAAP);and sponsored by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (PAS) and Alliance of International Science Organization (ANSO) on June 5, 2022. More than 150 participants attended the hybrid workshop. © Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

Seroconversion following first and second dose of COVID-19 vaccination among cancer patients: A prospective longitudinal observational study from India on the effectiveness of COVID vaccines

Background: Cancer patients are at high risk of infections and vaccination against SARS CoV-2 virus is essential to reduce the risk of COVID-19 and its complications. Different types of vaccines against SARS CoV-2 have been developed at record speed, followed by emerging efficacy studies of these vaccines. Our aim is to assess the efficacy of these vaccines in Indian cancer patients, along with factors such as intervals between doses impacting a robust immune response. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was done to evaluate the seroconversion post one and/or two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) and BBV152 (Covaxin) vaccine in adult cancer patients. Patients received 0.5 ml of vaccine 4 - 12 weeks apart based on existing Government regulations. A minimum gap of four weeks post vaccination for sample collection was followed. Samples were collected during patient follow up or treatment schedules. The control group comprised of healthy volunteers. Our primary endpoint was to assess seroconversion rates to SARS COV-2 spike protein after first and/or second dose. Our secondary endpoint was to explore the factors influencing seroconversion and to compare the two available vaccines in India, Covishield and Covaxin. Results: Between May 1, 2021 and January 16, 2022, antibody levels were measured in 219 patients after second dose and 56 patients after each dose. The mean age was 57.6+12.2 years (24-85 years) with 52% above 60 years age, and 68% being women. Most common cancer was breast (39.3%) followed by GIT (17.4%), while 44% had metastatic disease. Overall, 54.3% had not received any systemic therapy in the past 6 months, while 22.4% had received chemotherapy and 14.2% had received biologics. Three fourth of the patients had received Covishield and the rest Covaxin. Amongst the 56 patients who had antibody testing after both doses, seroconversion after first and second dose were 85.7% and 96.4% respectively. Higher seroconversion was seen in younger age group, treated with biologics without chemotherapy. In 219 patients, post second dose, seroconversion was marginally higher in women compared to men (96.6% vs 91.4%), on biologics (96.8%) when compared to patients taking chemotherapy (89.8 %), although not statistically significant. Overall patients on Covishield vaccine showed higher seroconversion, compared to Covaxin (P = 0.002) (OR- 5.9). Timing of antibody sample had no effect on seroconversion. Conclusions: Both Covishield and Covaxin are immunogenic in cancer patients. Seroconverison after first and second doses were 85.7% and 96.4%with higher rates amongst patients on biologics compared to chemotherapy. We are hoping to continue our study longitudinally to further explore factors impacting efficacy amongst these two vaccines.

The Association of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome with COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Objective: The increasing frequency of PRES during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a possible causal relationship between the two necessitates the review of available literature so that knowledge of practicing physicians is up to date in terms of the likely presentation and management of this clinical association. Background: The surge in COVID-19 cases is bringing with it an array of unique neurological manifestations. Clinicians report a possible association with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). PRES is an otherwise rare disease that usually arises as part of greater complications such as hypertension and renal failure. Design/Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search on four databases namely PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. A total of 34 articles describing 56 cases of PRES in COVID-19 were selected as a part of this review. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.6 ± 15.3 years. The most common clinical presentation of PRES was altered mental status (53.6%) followed by seizures (46.4%) and visual disturbances (23.2%) while hypertension (28.6%) and diabetes mellitus (23.2%) were the most commonly reported predisposing comorbidities. 16.1% of the patients were treated for COVID19 with Tocilizumab, another predisposing factor for PRES. Symptomatic management was employed in most of the cases and 44 patients (78.5%) were reported to fully or partially recover. Conclusions: When COVID-19 is developed on a background of hypertension and diabetes, there is a possibility that all these factors play an additive role in the development of PRES. Therefore, neurologists and radiologists must consider PRES as a probable diagnosis when encountering COVID-19 patients with suggestive clinical and radiographic findings. The risk of using tocilizumab, a potential trigger of PRES, must be weighed against its potential benefit in mitigating the COVID-19 cytokine storm. Timely diagnosis and treatment report a good prognosis.

The role of IOT in transforming community pharmacy

During Covid-19 Pandemic the entire world experiences the role and importance of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare system and especially in Community Pharmacy. Internet of Things can be described as a network architecture incorporating an abundance of sensors software hardware, computing devices, technologies, machines and many more utilities, assisting us in our relevant domains as per the needful. Over the yesteryears it has been observed that the footprints of Internet of Things over the healthcare sector have increased eloquently. This observation leads us to the fact that with the escalating population and the healthcare plight Internet of Things can really prove itself to be serious breakthrough in the community pharmacy. By revising the current healthcare system in the community pharmacies in a more socio-economic fashion. This paper reviews the technological advancements in Internet of Things, for the medical management of public health so that it can be vitally made use of in the domain of community pharmacy. There is a demand of efficient Internet of Things framework that would seriously be able to challenge the abysmal state of community pharmacy mostly in the remote areas and the distant regions. © 2022 MEDIC SCIENTIFIC. All Rights Reserved.

In-Silico Evaluation of 10 Structurally Different Glucosinolates on the Key Enzyme of SARS-CoV-2

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) triggered a worldwide rise in the prevalence of the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) and surfaced as a universal wellbeing matter. Analogous with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the main 3-chymotrypsin-alike cysteine protease (3CL(Pro)) virus enzyme that manages the replications of 2019-nCoV and regulates its existence span, possibly will be considered like a medication break through focus. In this study, the binding potential of 10 glucosinolates (Glu) having a variety of structures was studied with the catalytic dyad remains of 2019-nCoV-3CL(Pro ) by molecular cutting developing. The outcomes have shown that Glu containing sinigrin (SN) have been shown to be realistically bound to the 2019-nCoV-3CL(Pro) receptor and catalytic dyad binding sites (Cys145 and His41). Our simulation results have shown that sinigrin have a potential activity against 2019-nCoV and could be further used for drug production and optimization in the battle against COVID-19. In details, SN-SARS-CoV-2-3CL(Pro)-facilityacted without exhibit whichever observable variations, with reference to the constancy of Glu-enzyme complexes by means of average RMSD of 1.5 +/- 0.02 angstrom. Meanwhile, the ordinary behavior of a SN-SARS-CoV-2-3CL(Pro) complex continued as compact and steady during (50 ns) MD simulations. Current investigation has revealed that Glu with a specific structure could be successful against COVID-19 as natural components.

Comparison of measures adopted to combat COVID 19 pandemic by different countries in WHO regions. (Special Issue: The epidemiologist and the pandemic.)

Since the emergence of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID 19) in China in December 2019, a lot of significant decisions have been taken by the World Health Organization (WHO) and several countries across the globe. As the world reels under the threat of rapid increase in the number of cases and is planning strategies with the limited information available on the virus, it is essential to learn from the experience of countries across the globe. Hence, we selected a few countries in five WHO regions based on their COVID 19 caseload, management strategies and outcome and compared some of the important measures taken by them to contain the spread of infection. Strategies like extensive testing and contact tracing, strict quarantine and isolation measures, Hospital preparedness, complete restriction of non-essential travel, strict border control measures and social distancing measures play a vital role in containment of the spread. All the countries faced the novel strain of virus and implemented similar strategies as per the guidance of WHO, but the extent of preparedness, swiftness with which the decisions were made and the scale of measures made the difference.

Quantitative ethnomedicinal study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the tribal communities of Central Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: The use of plants for different ethnobotanical purposes is a common practice in the remote areas of developing countries, particularly in reference to human and animal healthcare. For this aim, it is important to document ethnomedicinal use of plants for human and livestock healthcare from unexplored regions. Objective: The current study aimed to document the use of medicinal plants and to assess their conservation status. We hypothesized that Central Kurram, due to its remoteness and maintenance of traditions would show distinct differences in medicinal plant use in comparison to other areas of Pakistan. Method: The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed using various quantitative indices including use value (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), use report (UR), fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (ICF) and family importance value (FIV). Plant samples were collected identified and then processed as voucher specimens following standard ethnobotanical practice. Results: One hundred twenty participants including 80 men and 40 women were interviewed. The participants reported a total of 106 plant species, belonging to 96 genera and 50 families. There were two families of pteridophytes (2 species), 2 families of gymnosperm (4 species) and 100 species belonging to 46 families of angiosperms. The local population used therapeutic plants to heal 114 different diseases in 19 aliment categories in the study area.A total of 106 species belonging to 50 families were documented as used to treat different types of illness. The UV ranged from 0.01 (Artemisia scoparia and Malva sylvestris) to 0.75 (Conyza canadensis). The RFC varied from 0.025 (Hyoscyamus niger and Senecio crysanthemoides) to 1.992 (Ephedra intermedia). The species with 100% FL were Astragalus stocksii and Artemisia scoparia, while the FCI ranged from 0 to 1 for insecticides and acoustic disorders. The conservation assessment revealed that 49 plant species were vulnerable, followed by rare (34 spp.), infrequent (7 spp.), Dominant (5spp.) And 5 endangered species. Conclusion: The current study showed that Central Kurram has a significant diversity of medicinal plant, and the use of medicinal plants and plant-based remedies is still common in the area. A total of 106 medicinal plant species, belonging to 50 families were documented for the treatment of 114 disorders. The residents used medicinal plants in treatment of important diseases such as Covid-19, cancer, dysentery, as diuretic, wound healing, and sexual diseases. © 2022, Ilia State University, Institute of Botany, Department of Ethnobotany. All rights reserved.

Lymphopenia is Associated with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infections

Background: Covid-19 is a very contagious and quickly spreading viral infection, caused by a corona virus SARS-COV-2 which was originally reported in China on December 5, 2019. It was confirmed as pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. This disease is yet under research. It has variable severity which includes no symptoms to pneumonia. This can cause death of the patient. Aim: To evaluate the association of Lymphopenia with severity of COVID 19 in COVID-19 patients Methods: It was a retrospective observational study conducted in COVID wards of Ghurki hospital Lahore. Record of 100 COVID-19 patients that were admitted between March and July 2021 fulfilling the inclusion criteria was included in the study. A pre-structured pro forma was filled to collect the data. Results: Out of 100 patients, 30 patients were included in Non-severe group while severe group had 70 patients. The mean age of study population was 52.5±10.38 with 60% male and 40% female. 70% patients in severe group had some co-existent comorbidity. The most commonly reported symptoms were fever and cough in both groups while shortness of breath was more commonly reported in severe group. Conclusion: Lymphopenia is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Lymphocytes count can be used to assess the severity of COVID 19.

Covid-19 Pandemic and Coronaviruses from Discovery to Treatment: A Tale of Two Decades of 21st Century

A new world map was led to progression after Pandemic Covid-19. The said arrangement narrowed the circle of life. A huge number of literatures could be seen on the electronic screens especially in 2020. But, truly observing one may find the word “Corona” early in the twenty-first century starting from China with a minor pandemic approach. Later in 2012 and now in 2019 and 2020 with an enormous spread around the globe. The current compilation comprehends the published literature on Pandemic Covid-19, summarizing the outbreak, diagnosis, management and the treatments including natural and synthetic molecules, during the last two decades. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The diagnostic value of High Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) scan chest in corona virus disease 2019

Aim: Role of CT scan Chest as a diagnostic tool for Covid 19 infection Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from April 2020 to July 2020 after taking Ethical approval. Covid positive patients who underwent RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab and HRCT were included in study during 3 months. Informed written consent was taken. Patient's demographics, duration of illness, PCR results, HRCT findings were noted in pre designed proforma. Results: 136 patients were included in the study. Mean age of patients was 54.6±14.01. Males were predominant i.e. 107(78.7%). RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal sample was positive in 69(50.7%) cases. HRCT chest described the typical findings of Covid 19 infection in 112(82.4%) cases. Most commonly was GGO that accounted for 120(88.9%). The findings were mostly in basal and peripheral lung fields and affected bilaterally in all cases. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HRCT were 94.2%, 29.9% and 62.5% respectively. Conclusion: HRCT chest has higher sensitivity;but specificity is low. HRCT chest is the useful diagnostic tool as a fast, convenient and reliable mode for rapid diagnosis and management. © 2020 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.